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Jan, Rasi
- Bioefficacy and mass culturing of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Nematoda:Heterorhabditidae) on cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae (Lepidoptera:Pieridae) in temperate region of Kashmir, Indi
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar – 190 025, Jammu and Kashmir, IN
2 Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar – 190 006, Jammu and Kashmir, IN
1 Division of Entomology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar – 190 025, Jammu and Kashmir, IN
2 Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar – 190 006, Jammu and Kashmir, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 35, No 1 (2021), Pagination: 6-11Abstract
A laboratory investigation was carried out to assess the bioefficacy and mass culturing of Kashmir isolate of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora on cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae in Srinagar. The pathogenicity of H. bacteriophora against 3rd, 4th and 5th larval instars of P. brassicae showed cent per cent mortality of the pest in all the three larval instars at the dosages of 20 IJs/larva and above. The LC50 values of H. bacteriophora against 3rd, 4th and 5th larval instars of P. brassicae ranged from 46.61 to 9.32, 76.33 to 9.82 and 91.36 to 10.08 IJs/larva at 24 to 96 h and that the LT50 values from 65.15 to 23.12, 84.54 to 29.20 and 105.36 to 33.52 h at 10 to 60 IJs/larva, respectively. The average production of nematode infective juveniles per larvae was found to be 7.02 x 103, 25.74 x 103 and 58.45 x 103 and that from per gram of host body weight was 91.49 x 103, 151.30 x 103 and 233.78 x 103 in 3rd, 4th and 5th larval instars of P. brassicae, respectively. The total time period between the larval mortality and the initiation of emergence of the infective juveniles from the cadavers ranged from 7-8, 9-10 and 10-11 days and the peak period of emergence of infective juveniles ranged from 10-13, 14-19, 16-21 days after mortality from the cadavers of 3rd, 4th and 5th larval instars of P. brassicae, respectively. The total duration of nematode emergence recorded during the period between larval mortality and cessation of emergence of infective juveniles from the cadavers ranged 17-19, 23-25 and 26-29 days after mortality in case of 3rd, 4th and 5th larval instars of P. brassicae, respectively.Keywords
Bioefficacy, Entomopathogenic Nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Pieris brassicaeFull Text
References
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- Flanders KL, Miller JM, Shields EJ. 1996. In vivo production of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora 'Oswego' (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), a potential biological control agent for soil-inhabiting insects in temperate regions. J Econ Entom. 89:373–380. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/89.2.373
- Karunakar G, Easwaramoorthy S, David H. 2000. Host parasite interaction between two species of white grubs infesting sugarcane and two species of entomopathogenic nematodes. Sug Technol. 2(4):12–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02995579
- Kaya HK. 1985. Entomogenous nematodes for insect control in IPM systems. pp. 283–302. In: Hoy MA. and Herzog DC. (Eds.). Biological Control in Agriculture IPM Systems. New York: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-357030-7.50022-3
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- Khan MR, Khan U, Askary TH, Mohiddin FA, Khan MM. 2007. Pathogenicity and host suitability for in vivo mass production of Steinernema masoodi AMU EPN-1. Int J Nematol. 17:151–157.
- Rajkumar M, Parihar A, Siddiqui AU. 2002. Mass multiplication of indigenous entomopathogenic nematodes of Udaipur. Proceedings of National Symposium on biodiversity and management of nematodes in cropping systems for sustainable agriculture, November 11-13, 2002. ARS, Durgapura, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India; p. 77.
- Virulence and recovery of a cold tolerant Kashmir isolate of EPN, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (SKUASTK-EPN-Hr 01) with respect to white grub, Heteronychus sp. in Srinagar (J and K)
Abstract Views :246 |
PDF Views:469
Authors
Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar – 190 025, Jammu and Kashmir, IN
2 Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, (J and K), IN
1 Division of Entomology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar – 190 025, Jammu and Kashmir, IN
2 Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, (J and K), IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 35, No 1 (2021), Pagination: 19-24Abstract
The virulence of a cold tolerant indigenous Kashmir isolate of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (SKUASTK-EPN-Hr 01) tested against 1st, 2nd and 3rd instars of white grub, Heteronychus sp. @ 0, 100, 150, 200, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 IJs/grub using Petri dish bioassay method, revealed large differences in the virulence of H. bacteriophora towards the different stages of Heteronychus sp. However, there was a positive correlation between nematode concentration and the insect mortality. The 3rd instar grubs succumbed to nematode infection later (LT50 = 6.47 days at 250 IJs/grub) than the grubs of 2nd (LT50 = 3.23 days at 250 IJs/grub) and 1st instars (LT50 = 2.44 days at 250 IJs/grub). When grubs were in 1st instar, relatively shorter exposure periods and low nematode concentrations (LC50 = 126.72 IJs/grub at 5 DAE) were needed for achieving lethal nematode infections as compared to 2nd (LC50 = 176.02 IJs/grub at 5 DAE) and 3rd (LC50 = 456.35 IJs/grub at 5 DAE) instar grubs where longer exposure periods and high nematode concentrations were required. The recovery of nematode infective juveniles per grub ranged from 47.47-51.32 x 103, 89.19-92.85 x 103 and 260.36-263.95 x 103 IJs in 1st, 2nd and 3rd larval instars of Heteronychus sp., respectively. The total time period between the grub mortality and the initiation of emergence and between grub mortality and the cessation of emergence of nematode infective juveniles from the cadavers ranged from 6-8, 14-16 and 22-24 days, and 21-26, 31-36 and 42-45 days in case of 1st, 2nd and 3rd larval instars of white grub, Heteronychus sp., respectively.Keywords
Concentration, Mortality Response, Nematode Recovery, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Heteronychus sp.Full Text
References
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- Divya K, Sankar M. 2009. Entomopathogenic nematodes in pest management. Indian J. Sci Tec. 2:53–60. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2009/v2i7.12
- Flanders KL, Miller JM, Shields EJ. 1996. In vivo production of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora ‘Oswego’ (Rhabditida:Heterorhabditidae), a potential biological control agent for soil-inhabiting insects in temperate regions. J. Econ. Entom. 89:373–380. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/89.2.373
- Forschler BT, Gardner WA. 1991. Parasitism of Phyllophaga hirtula (Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae) by Heterorhabditis heliothidis and Steinernema carpocapsae. J. Inv. Path. 58(4):396–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/00222011(91)90186-T
- Jat BL, Choudhary RK. 2006. Bioefficacy and compatibility of the insect parasitic nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and the insect pathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae against the white grub, Holotrichia consanguinea. Indian J. Pl. Protec. 34(1):113–115.
- Karunakar G, Easwaramoorthy S, David H. 2000a. Pathogenicity of steinernematid and heterorhabditid to white grubs infesting sugarcane in India. Int J. Nematol. 10(1):19–26.
- Karunakar G, Easwaramoorthy S, David H. 2000b. Host parasite interaction between two species of white grubs infesting sugarcane and two species of entomopathogenic nematodes. Sug Tech. 2(4):12–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02995579
- Koppenhofer AM, Fuzy EM. 2008. Effect of the anthranilic diamide insecticide, chlorantraniliprole, on Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) efficacy against white grubs (Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae). Biol control. 45(1):93–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.10.014
- Mohiuddin S, Zaki FA, Munshi NA, Jan A, Sultan P. 2006. Evaluation of some entomopathogenic fungal isolates from Kashmir for the biocontrol of white grubs infesting turf grass in golf course. J. Biol control. 20(1):45–50.
- Prabhuraj A, Viraktamath CA, Kumar ARV. 2003. Pathogenicity of two entomopathogenic nematodes against Holotrichia serrata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae) and Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae), pp. 205-209. Tandon, PL, Ballal CR, Jalali SK. and Rabindra RJ. (Eds.). Banglore, India: Biological Control of Lepidopteran Pests. PDBC.
- Wani AR. 2010. Biology and bio-intensive management of white grub in Kashmir, pp. 244. [Ph.D Thesis]. Shere-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar (J and K).
- Zaki FA, Mantoo MA, Gul S. 2000. In vivo culturing of entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema carpocapsae on silkworm (Bombyx mori) and their effect on some lepidopterous insects. Indian J Nematol. 30(1):1–4.
- In-vivo production of a Kashmir isolate of EPN, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (SKUASTK-EPN-Hr 01) on test insect hosts from Srinagar (J&K)
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PDF Views:167
Authors
Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar − 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, IN
2 Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar − 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, IN
1 Division of Entomology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar − 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, IN
2 Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar − 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 35, No 1 (2021), Pagination: 25-29Abstract
Under laboratory conditions, the virulence of the Kashmir isolate of EPN, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (SKUASTK-EPN-Hr 01) to Galleria mellonella, Corcyra cephalonica and Bombyx mori showed that after 48-72 h, 100% mortality was recorded in all the test insects. Considering 48 h time and 20 IJs/larva as standard against G. mellonella, C. cephalonica and B. mori, the LC50 and LT50 values for the EPN were 10.17, 28.72 and 23.81 IJs/larva, and 38.64, 53.04 and 49.20 h after exposure, respectively. Again its virulence to the larvae of three different sizes of these insects, viz., small (0.12g, 0.04g, 0.17g), medium (0.18g, 0.05g, 0.59g) and large (0.22g, 0.07g, 2.58g) sized larvae showed that all the three sizes of G. mellonella were more susceptible than that of B. mori and C. cephalonica. Considering 20 IJs/larva as standard against small, medium and large sized larvae, the LT50 value for the EPN was 25.00, 26.45 and 27.21 h; 47.73, 48.92 and 53.16 h, and 46.04, 47.48 and 48.92 h for G. mellonella, C. cephalonica and B. mori, respectively. The production of nematode infective juveniles per larvae was directly proportional to the size and/or body weight of the insect species tested. The average production of nematode infective juveniles per gram of host body weight ranged from 1557.79 to 1933.55 x 103, 217.38 to 335.43 x 103 and 71.03 to 128.00 x 103 in G. mellonella, C. cephalonica and B. mori, respectively. The total time period between the larval mortality and the initiation of emergence, and between larval mortality and the cessation of emergence of nematode infective juveniles from the cadavers ranged from 7-10, 6-8 and 9-12 days, and 19-28, 16-24 and 23-41 days in G. mellonella, C. cephalonica and B. mori, respectively.
Keywords
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Bombyx mori, Corcyra cephalonica, Galleria mellonella, In-vivo Production, Virulence.Full Text
References
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- Flanders KL, Miller JM, Shields EJ. 1996. In vivo production of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora `Oswego' (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), a potential biological control agent for soil-inhabiting insects in temperate regions. J Econ Entom 89(2): 373-380.
- Forschler BT, Gardner WA. 1991. Parasitism of Phyllophaga hirtula (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) by Heterorhabditis heliothidis and Steinernema carpocapsae. J Inv Path 58(4): 396-407.
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- Zaki FA, Mantoo MA, Gul S. 2000. In vivo culturing of entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema carpocapsae on silkworm (Bombyx mori) and their effect on some lepidopterous insects. Indian J Nematol 30(1): 1-4.